Vedaene er de tidligst kjente verkene av åndelig litteratur på planeten. Disse og andre store skrifter, for eksempel Mahabharata og Ramayana, inneholder fortellingene om Saptarishi, eller syv store vise menn.
\n\n\n\nDisse vise mennene er sønner av den mektige Brahma. Han sendte dem til jorden, og støttet således menneskehetens åndelige utvikling og utfoldelsen av hele universet.
\n\n\n\nThe Vedic Maharishi’s and the Unfolding of the Universe
Ifølge ulike tekster som beskriver det vi løst kan kalle ‘Hindu’ or Vedic cosmology, utfolder dette universet seg i enorme, lange tidssykluser. En syklus av universet kalles Manvantara som videre brytes ned i fire kortere tidssykluser kalt Yugaer.
I løpet av hver Manvantara (tilsynelatende krysser vi nå den 7. Manvantara), finnes det en rekke guddommelig fødte Rishier. Viktig nok er disse vise mennene utnevnt av skaperen Brahma for å veilede universets utfoldelse.
\n\n\n\nDisse Rishiene er kjent under ulike navn som Maharishier, Saptarishi, Brahmarishi, Mahasiddhaer, Rajarishi osv. regnes som fullt oppvåknede. Som sådan har disse guddommelige inkarnasjonene en fullt utviklet evne til persepsjon som omfatter hele rom og tid.
\n\n\n\nDe er mysteriøse og lykkebringende vesener hvis støtte alltid er tilgjengelig.
\n\n\n\nSAPTARISHIENES BIDRAG
\n\n\n\nDisse maharishienes bidrag til menneskehetens åndelige rikdom er enorme. Mange av de eldgamle vitenskapene tilskrives dem. Fremfor alt kanskje komposisjonen av Vedaene. De utviklet også: Yoga, Ayurveda (indisk medisin), Siddha-medisin, Jyotish (vedisk astrologi), ulike språk, og selvfølgelig mange andre åndelige tekster. Inkludert Upanishadene, Puranaene og hinduistiske epos som Mahabharata.
\n\n\n\nThese great divine being were appointed by Brahma to carry out this role of spiritual preceptors of the universe. Yet their divine status was not given entirely freely. Each in their own way performed severe penance and austerity to rise to the rank of Brahmarishi (one who has complete knowledge or identity with Brahman).
\n\n\n\nFor instance, In the case of Vishvamitra, Brahma did recognize his status as a Brahmarishi. But only after thousands of years of intensive austerity and spiritual practice in the Himalaya.
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WHO ARE THE SAPTARISHI?
\n\n\n\nThe term saptarishi means seven rishis (sages or seers). However, as in common to this period in Indian history, the list of exactly which seven rishis actually constitute the saptarishi varies.
\n\n\n\nActually, the Vedic literature that refers to the saptarishi never lists them by name.
\n\n\n\nHowever, the earliest list of the Seven Rishis is given in the text Jaiminiya Brahmana in verses 2.218–221 as: Agastya, Atri, Bhardwaja, Gautam, Jamadagni, Vashistha and Vishvamitra.
\n\n\n\nA list also appears in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad: Atri, Bharadwaja, Gautama, Jamadagni, Kashyapa, Vashistha and Vishwamitra.
\n\n\n\nBut Gopatha Brahmana names Vashistha, Vishvamitra, Jamadagni, Gautama, Bharadvaja, Gungu, Agastya and Kashyapa as the seven rishis.
\n\n\n\nFor å gjøre saken enda mer forvirrende var det ikke uvanlig i disse tider at en enkelt åndelig skikkelse eller mester ble kjent under ulike navn avhengig av regionen.
\n\n\n\nIfølge Sadguru dukket Adiyogi – eller Shiva – opp i Himalaya for 15 000 år siden. Han var blå og over tre meter høy. Tidvis satt han i ufattelig lange perioder i fullkommen, ubevegelig meditasjon. Andre ganger danset han villt og uhemmet.
\n\n\n\nMange ble forundret over denne filtrete yogien. Mange samlet seg for å motta lærdom. Men Adiyogi satt så lenge fordypet i meditasjon at de gradvis mistet interessen. Til slutt var det bare syv igjen. Disse syv fikk enkle praksiser for å forberede dem på å ta imot Shivas lærdom.
\n\n\n\nEtter mange år hadde disse vesener blitt strålende eksempler på hva menneskeheten kan være. Og de var klare til å ta imot lærdommen til Adiyogi – den første yogien og opphavet til hele yogavitenskapen.
\n\n\n\nSaptarishi in Astronomy
In ancient Indian astronomy, the constellation of the Big Dipper {Ursa Major} is called saptarishi, with the seven stars representing seven rishis, namely “Vashistha”, “Marichi”, “Pulastya”, “Pulaha”, “Atri”, “Angiras” and “Kratu”. There is another star slightly visible within it, known as “Arundhati”. Arundhati is the wife of Sage Vashistha.
SRI AGASTYA MAHARISHI
\n\n\n\nBeloved author of many of the palm leaf prophecies, we discussed Agastya maharishi length in a previous blog post.
\n\n\n\nAgastya, as with many of the other saptarishi, is credited as having contributed hymns to the rig veda. He is also a pioneer of indisk medisin, a master martial artist and a pioneer of Tamil grammar.
\n\n\n\nSRI ATRI MAHARISHI
\n\n\n\nAtri is the saptarishi most mentioned in the Rig Veda. 87 of the hymns were composed by him and the fifth book of Rig Veda is named after him.
\n\n\n\nAtri Maharishi is the son born of the mind of Brahma. He impressed the trinity of Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu with his penance and was rewarded by the three with the granting of boons. Thus he chose to father 3 children, one incarnation of each. Those 3 sons were Dattatreya, Durvasas and Soma. Respectively, incarnations of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
\n\n\n\nThere are 4 major works attributed to Maharishi Atri. Purvatantra, Atreyatantra, Vishnutantra and Uttaratantra. Other texts also mention him in various roles including, importantly, as preceptor in the dissemination of the system of Ayurveda.
\n\n\n\nThis is a fundamental understanding that underlies the entire tantric path to liberation. The world, or appearance, is not as it seems. This does not make it bad, wrong, or even problematic. In fact it makes it even more special, sacred, beautiful as rich, fertile ground for living Sadhana (spiritual practice).
\n\n\n\nA story from the Mahabharata of Saptarishi Atri
\n\n\n\nA story from the Mahabharata reconuts Atri’s council to Dronacharya on the battlefield. His guidance not only stopped the war, but inspired Dronacharya to engage in meditation, which he did willingly in the midst of battle. Subsequently, Dronacharya remained in constant meditation from that point until leaving his body.
\n\n\n\n“Dear friend, all along you have done everything against Dharma. This war you are engaged in is the best proof. It is enough and stop it. Stop this carnage. You are a good man. This act is not in tune with your status.
\n\n\n\nYou are a scholar of Vedanta par excellence. You have been a Brahman and you have to practise dharma. This cruel act does not befit you. Give up your weapons, fix your mind in our glorious Sanathana Dharma. I am sorry, you have wielded the most terrible Brahmastra on the innocent soldiers! Put an end to your meaningless killing.”
\n\n\n\nVatavarana Shastra, a text written by Atri, addresses types of clouds. It categorizes 12 kinds of rain, 64 types of lightning, 33 varieties of thunderbolts, etc. The Bhrigu, Atri and Marichi Samhitas go into different aspects of architecture of Vaikhanasa Vishnu temples, while other fragments cover Chitra karma or painting of pictures of deities.
\n\n\n\nSAPTARISHI BHARDWAJA
\n\n\n\nBhardwaja or Bharadvaja, is also mentioned many times in the Rig Veda. The entire sixth chapter is attributed to him and his disciples. He is the son of Brihaspathi (Jupiter). His contributions to the world, especially as a scholar and also as an economist, grammarian and physician are well noted in the Mahabharata and Ramayana.
\n\n\n\nVarious other texts reference his contributions to the art of archery, Sanskrit language and Ayurvedic medicine.
\n\n\n\nHe is the father of Dronacharya. There are differing legends around the birth of Dronacharya. One states that he was born of a brief affair with an apsara. The other common legend from the Mahabharata states that Dronacharya was born when Bhardwaja ejaculated into a clay pot.
\n\n\n\nDue to his marriage to a Kshatriya (warrior caste) woman named Suseela, it is said that all of his descendents possessed both scholarly and warrior attributes and skill.
\n\n\n\nA story from the life of Maharishi Bhardwaja
\n\n\n\nThis story suggests his renown as a master capable of producing miracles.
\n\n\n\nHe once invited Lord Indra, Lord Agni and Lord Soma to a feast organised for a Yagya. Much to the dismay of the sage and his wife, a demon appeared out of the first made for preparing the food and devoured the entire meal.
\n\n\n\nThrough loving inquiry, the sage discovered that this demon was given permission by Lord Brahma to ruin every Yagya performed anywhere on earth. Due to sage Bhardwaja’s kindness, the demon told the sage that this condition was not his original form, that he was actually cursed by Brahma. Subsequently the demon requested the sage to help lift the curse.
\n\n\n\nAfter performing Abhishekam with water from the Ganga, gold and ghee, the sages kindness released the demon from the curse. At the sages request the demon then blessed the Yagya.
\n\n\n\nSRI GAUTAMA
\n\n\n\nMaharishi Gautama features largely in the Ramayana. He is known for cursing his wife after she made love to the God Indra.
\n\n\n\nThe story says that one day Gautama Rishi went to bathe in the Ganga. While he was away, the God Indra took the disguise of Gautam and went to visit his wife. Then they made love and Indra left. However the real Gautam caught Indra escaping as he returned.
\n\n\n\nHe cursed both Indra and his wife, turning the latter to stone. As a result of making such terrible curses, the power that allowed him to do so, earned through 60 years of penance, was taken away from him.
\n\n\n\nGautama Maharishi was known to have mastered the Gayatri Mantra and was one of very few beings said to have understood its full depth and significance. He was even know as Mantra-drashta due to the number of mantras and hymns he composed.
\n\n\n\nJAMADAGNI
\n\n\n\nO Jamadagni! The resplendent one. You gleam verily like fire because of your austerities. To uphold the righteousness in all the worlds, do quell my sins.
\n\n\n\nO Jamadagni! You alone can uphold righteousness in the world by your effulgent third eye that you had attained by your strict penance!
\n\n\n\nThe Great sage Jamadagni was renowned for his Sattvic qualities. Infact, according to legends, his father once made a kind of potion and gave it to a woman named Satyavatī. The idea was that she would give birth to a child who possessed only the sattvic qualities of a Brāhmaṇa.
\n\n\n\nHowever, even with such a sattvic disposition, there was one occasion where the sage was overcome with anger.
\n\n\n\nOnce his wife Reṇukā was fetching water when she was overcome with desire for a Gandharva that she saw in a chariot in the sky.
\n\n\n\nWhen Jamadagni learned of this transgression through a spiritual vision, he flew into a rage. He ordered his sons to kill Reṇukā for her actions. All but one son Paraśurāma refused to carry out such a heinous act. Subsequently, Paraśurāma killed his mother and his brothers.
\n\n\n\nJamadagni was pleased and offered to grant his son anything he desired. Paraśurāma requested that his mother and brothers be brought back to life. Moved by the love of his son for his wife and other sons, Jamadagni immediately granted the wish.
\n\n\n\nSAPTARISHI VASHISTHA
\n\n\n\nRevered Maharishi Vashistha is credited as the author of the 7th chapter of Rig Veda. He is mentioned extensively in Vedic literature.
\n\n\n\nThe Yoga Vashistha is arguably his most important contribution. This massively influential text presents the philosophies of Yoga and Vedanta side by side. Indeed, the great teacher of Vedanta, Adi Shankaracharya referred to Vashitha as the first teacher of Vedanta.
\n\n\n\nIn the form of the frustration, path, and liberation of Rama, this text presents the basic existential struggle of humanity. Using stories to conceal complex philosophy and cosmology, the Yoga Vashishtha presents an in depth outline of the journey from confusion and turmoil of the human condition to the complete freedom experienced by liberated beings.
\n\n\n\nA well known story that made both Vashistha and Vishvamitra famous tells of the time that Vishvamitra, then a king, went to war with Vashitha because he coveted a sacred cow named Nandi. It is said that this cow could grant and material desires.
\n\n\n\nOut of possession of greed, Vishvamitra went to war with Vashistha. The great sage defeated the jealous king. Vishvamitra then entered into a long period of penance in order to acquire the power to overcome Vashistha. He was successful in his penance and acquired many powers, yet was still unable to defeat his foe.
\n\n\n\nLater Vishvamitra himself became a Brahmarishi.
\n\n\n\nVishvamitra
Rajarishi Vishvamitra is considered the author of most of the 3rd book or mandala of the Rig Veda. The title Rajarishi specifically refers to a king who became enlightened through penance and devoted spiritual practice.
Vishvamitra discovered the Gayatri Mantra. He is considered the first of only 24 sages who could fully comprehend its meaning.
\n\n\n\nॐ भूर्भुवः स्वः तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यम भर्गो देवस्य धीमहि।
\n\n\n\nधियो यो नः प्रचोदयात॥
\n\n\n\nAum Bhur Bhuvah Svah Tat Savitur Varenyam Bhargo Devasya Dheemahi
\n\n\n\nDhiyo Yo Nah Prachodayat
\n\n\n\nThere are many translations of this mantra into English, here are a few examples.
\n\n\n\n“Let us meditate on Isvara and His Glory who has created the Universe, who is fit to be worshipped, who is the remover of all sins and ignorance. May he enlighten our intellect.”
\n\n\n\n-Swami Shivananda
\n\n\n\n“We meditate on the glory of that Being who has produced this universe; may She enlighten our minds.”
\n\n\n\n-Swami Vivekananda
\n\n\n\n“Oh manifest and unmanifest, wave and ray of breath, red lotus of insight, transfix us from eye to navel to throat, under canopy of stars spring from soil in an unbroken arc of light that we might immerse ourselves until lit from within like the sun itself.”
\n\n\n\n-Ravi Shankur
\n\n\n\nThere are many examples from the life of Vishvamitra that elucidate the challenges and difficulty that he went through for thousands of years before both the sage Vasistha and Lord Brahma themselves appeared before the sage and conferred upon him the title of Brahmarishi.
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